Study of Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Modern Generation of Drugs against Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Nasal infection or sinusitis is an inflammation of nasal passages caused by both viral and bacteriological pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance has universally recognized as growing problem concern about suitable therapy for nasal infection. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility against nasal infecting microorganisms. 50 clinical samples were taken from OPD of GMC Hospital, Bhopal (MP), India. Of the samples analyzed, 47 bacterial strains were isolated out of which 29 strains were of Gram positive bacteria (8 strains were of Staphylococcus aureus, 6 of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 7 of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 8 of Corynebacterium diptheriae) and 18 strains were of Gram negative bacteria (8 of Escherichia coli, 6 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 of Neisseria meningitidis). Antimicrobial susceptibility assay was performed by disc diffusion method according to the reference criteria of clinical and laboratory standard institute guidelines. In the present study antibiotic susceptibility pattern results showed maximum level of resistance in gram positive strains S. aureus 8 (100%), S. epidermidis 6 (100%) and C. diptheriae (8 (100%) against penicillin, S. aureus 8 (100%), S. epidermidis 6 (100%) and S. pneumoniae 7 (100%) were resistant to Cefuroxime, S. aureus 7 (87.5%), S. epidermidis 6 (100%), S. pneumoniae 7 (100%) and C. diptheriae (8 (100%) were resistant to erythromycin and azithromycin whereas, rest of gram positive strains showed satisfactory antibiotic susceptibility against chloramphenical, cefazolin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and tetracyclin. Similarly for gram negative strains multi-drug resistance was observed in 8 (100%) isolates of E. coli against aztreonam, cefdinir, cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin, P. aeruginosa 6 (100%) were resistant to aztreonam, cefdinir, cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin, N. meningitidis 4 (100%) were resistant to aztreonam, cefdinir, cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin whereas rest of gram negative strains showed moderate susceptible against amikacin, cefuroxime and ciprofloxacin. Hence we concluded that the efficacy of cefazolin, cephalexin, chloramphenical, tetracycline, amikacin and ciprofloxacin was recorded higher than other antibiotics tested against nasal infection causing pathogens.